Internet Privacy and Consumer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web Privacy and Consumer - Essay Example Aside from this, with the development of online innovation, organizations would now be able to screen each move of a shopper once the buyer is on the site. In spite of the fact that web security is a significant worry to numerous customers today, information assortment is viewed as an advantage by online organizations. Numerous shoppers are worried that their own data is gotten to and checked by various organizations. Agreeing a survey discharged by the Consumer Reports National Research Center, 72 percent are worried that their online practices were being followed and profiled by organizations, while 82 percent of purchasers are worried about their charge card numbers being taken on the web. A dominant part of shopper need to have power over what data is being observed by Internet organizations and need to have more control on their private data. of data is being observed. Numerous organizations contend that utilizing information checking and information following programming is helpful in building better items for the customers. The meaning of the Internet as completely open as opposed to semiprivate is a significant qualification to make since lawful feeling will in general be based on the sensible desires that people have about how their data will be taken care of (Cronin 4). Web security is a major concern nowadays however buyers have had issues with protection long bef

Case: Walter Hundhausen Gmbh

Justice and the Island of Tagg PowerPoint Presentation

Equity and the Island of Tagg - PowerPoint Presentation Example Uncalled for laws deny residents the option to use open assets for their own advantage. The gathering of seniors should scrap laws that segregate on sexual orientation in the island of Tagg. Laws that constrain the state to settle on choices for the residents of the island of Tagg ought to be dismissed in light of the fact that they are uncalled for. Specialists should annul laws that preclude opportunity of articulation among residents of the island of Tagg. Revoking the laws benefits the general population by giving them the option to get to data. Laws that permit specialists to discredit the open the benefit to get to fundamental data are vile in light of the fact that they make pressure and tension among individuals from people in general. As indicated by Sandel (2007), a law is uncalled for dependent on an individuals’ sane reasoning.  Examination among just and out of line laws  â â â â â â â â â â According to Walzer, (2006), Laws are developed social restrictions to human conduct. They are concocted to guarantee request in the society.â Each person in the island is considered liable for keeping up the traditions that must be adhered to. Laws can be simply or unjust.â For the situation of Tugg Island, a fair law is the one seen to speak to a people and the general public impartially. It hoists the human character regardless of the race, status or gender.â It is established in the good and strict laws of the individuals. An out of line law is one that is in disharmony with the ethical laws (Sandel, 2007). For a law to be only one must have a comprehension of an inappropriate they did and the discipline or prize should similar to the offense. Thusly, any law that brings down the human instinct is unjustifiable. Unfair laws consign individuals to the status of creatures or things. It arranges individuals

Career Research Paper: Army National Guard -- essays research papers

Profession Research Paper: Army National Guard      The Army National Guard is a totally different approach to serve. It’s about promise to help networks out of luck. It’s strong devotion to the nation in war and in harmony. They structure a first class group that has comparable guiding principle, feelings, and convictions. To be in the National Guard can mean serving the nation low maintenance, one end of the week a month and fourteen days every year as most Guard individuals serve. This is the thing that makes them unique in relation to different parts of the military. Encounters will be picked up that would change one’s point of view until the end of time. Abilities will be found out that will endure forever. The Guard is a group that qualities serving others and being the best; low maintenance work with full time benefits.      There’s a chance to separate Guard preparing during the summers between school years. Qualified youngsters can go to Basic Training throughout the late spring before senior year and afterward go on to Advanced Individual Training (AIT) after senior year. The Guard will assist work with disapproving and body, and in Basic Training difficulties will be vanquished to get more grounded, quicker, and more advantageous. Conquering the physical and mental difficulties will impart a developing feeling of pride. Fundamental Training is extreme experiencing nine weeks of serious physical and mental molding. Individuals find certainty, confidence, and potential for authority. In graduating Basic Training, turning into a fighter is the income in the Army National Guard.      The Army National Guard has an interesting double strategic both nation and network. For more than 365 years the resident troopers have gone to the guide of their neighbors during critical crossroads. The Guard includes helping networks during catastrophic events and common crises. All around the nation the National Guard acts the hero sparing lives, reestablishing request, and ensuring property, just as being dynamic in nearby network associations that improve the personal satisfaction. Many Guard individuals live, work, and go to class right where they serve. The Guard assists Little With leagueing programs, advances exploring exercises, and makes its ways for kids on Armory Days, among incalculable different projects, giving solid positive good examples to the small children. Calls have been offered an explanation to guard America in each war. From the War of Independen... ...ently, and the military police/insight which is an extraordinary spot to begin if interests lie in a profession with a non military personnel police dept. Interchanges is fundamental alongside clinical both getting ready for employments of today and tomorrow. For pretty much every authoritative and staff work in the Army, there is a relating work in the regular citizen work environment. The Army National Guard is an incredible spot to get familiar with an aptitude, get paid for it, and excel. Taking everything into account, the experience is the sort of polished skill and pride that make officers regarded the world over. It’s the experience that singles one out as somebody with one of a kind capacity and exceptional characteristics. The nation relies upon the military to satisfy the significant crucial ensure vote based system and keep harmony. Exceeding expectations as an individual and accomplishing unimaginable musings are persuading motivations to turn into a piece of the Guard. It’s an approach to help arrive at instructive or profession objectives that are set throughout everyday life. Make the following stride and have everything: experience, kinship, challenge, an additional check, military advantages just as the fulfillment that originates from serving the nation and network; low maintenance work with full time benefits.

The link between capital market and economic growth in Rwanda

The connection between capital market and monetary development in Rwanda 1.1 Background Today most economies around the globe are decided by the exhibition of their capital markets. The potential job of budgetary markets in financial development has been all around recorded. Most African nations incorporating those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have as of late under gone money related segment changes, for example, rebuilding and privatizing of state claimed banks and foundation of capital markets. In the writing there are various perspectives on the connection between capital markets and monetary development of a country. North (1996) shows that, distinctions in monetary foundations are the significant wellsprings of crosscountry contrasts in financial development and flourishing. Great organizations affect the profundity and improvement of the budgetary division of countries. This proposed research will mostly talk with the writing about the connection between capital market and financial development and the job that establishments play in capital markets and attempt to pinpoint and relate these to the Rwandan setting. In created capital markets family units are the significant members as speculators. Saunders and Cornett (2004) asserted that in the United States, family units are the single biggest holders of corporate stock. Notwithstanding, the capital markets of least created nations are exceptionally shallow as far as capitalization due to a set number of recorded organizations and constrained cooperation of family units (savers) either because of absence of limit or absence of mindfulness with respect to the capital markets. Subsequently this examination will likewise look at the effect of the family units (savers) in the capital markets in least created nations in Africa including Rwanda. 1.2 Statement of the Problem In spite of a flood of worldwide speculator enthusiasm for the 1980s and 1990s, Africa has been circumvent by the gigantic global capital streaming to creating economies. Total capital streams to creating nations have been quickly surpassing authority improvement help streams since 1980s. Notwithstanding, Africa remains the main creating locale in which advancement help streams surpasses private capital streams (Senbet and Otchere, 2006). This was for the most part ascribed to the need or nonappearance of an all around created money related area (capital markets, banks, fund organizations, disaster protection organizations, and insurance agencies) and the poor monetary strategies and establishments in African nations. Capital markets are an indispensable piece of an economy making it feasible for industry, exchange and trade to prosper with no deterrent as far as assets. The monetary markets fill an essential need in the development and advancement of an organization that needs to grow. For such organizations with extension plans and new tasks needing subsidizing and speculators searching for a superior return, the money related market is the best stage. The private part for the most part needs access to credit offices. Speculation, development and financial government assistance are very low in creating nations. This is progressively extreme in Africa, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (Platt, 1998). Most African nations, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa, have as of late experienced broad monetary part changes. The change bundle incorporates rebuilding and privatization of state claimed banks, the presentation of private financial frameworks, alongside bank administrative and administrative plans, the presentation of an assortment of measures to advance the improvement of financail markets; including cash and securities exchanges (Senbet and Otchere, 2006). Rwandas economy essentially relies upon agrarian profitability. The business and administration divisions are not so much created to push the economy towards higher development. Rwandas long haul advancement plan, as enunciated in Vision 2020, tries to change Rwanda into a center pay nation and a financial exchange and interchanges center point constantly 2020. An adequately working money related area is an in a general sense significant and fundamental component for accomplishing this objective.â Rwanda tries to build up a budgetary division that is powerful, specifically, byâ expanding access to credit and monetary administrations; upgrading reserve funds activation, particularly long haul investment funds; and assembling long haul capital for venture. A key vital objective of the Vision 2020 arrangement is to make Rwanda a financial exchange and correspondences center in the core of Africa.â This will require critical interest in framework as streets, power, rail, air terminals and telecommunications.â These plans additionally require the dynamic cooperation and development of the private part in Rwandas economy which will require long haul interest in foundation and industry, which must be given through the preparation of household reserve funds through capital markets.â The Rwanda capital market presently alluded to as the Rwanda Over the Counter (OTC) advertise was set up by the Capital Market Advisory Council in January 2008. It is from this viewpoint the specialist is embraced this examination to see the connection between capital market and monetary development in Rwanda. How does Rwanda remain to profit by this capital market? 1.3 Purpose of the investigation The fundamental motivation behind this proposition is to examine and survey the writing on the connection between capital market and the financial development and success of a country, especially in Rwanda. This investigation will likewise inspect the significance of establishments for the presentation of capital markets and families (savers) commitment to the capital market with the goal that organizations can raise the necessary capital effectively in a nation where financing is constrained to the financial part but available just to a couple of large privately owned businesses and state claimed ventures. 1.4 Objectives of the investigation The destinations of this proposed investigation are essentially to discover: Regardless of whether capital market is an option towards the financial development of least created nations, for example, Ethiopia. The job of foundations toward the improvement of capital market. Regardless of whether family units investment funds will have a genuine effect on the general execution, liquidity, and market capitalization of the capital market in Rwanda. 1.5 Research questions This postulation is planned to address the accompanying inquiries: Is a capital market an option towards the financial development of least created nations as a rule and for Rwanda specifically? Will foundations be fundamental for the presentation of capital market in Rwanda? Will residential investment funds in Rwanda have a task to carry out in the capital market? 1.6 Scope of the investigation This investigation presents the various perspectives with regards to the connection between capital markets and financial development, and the job that establishments play in the exhibition of capital markets. The center being the capital market in Rwanda; it likewise examines the effect of families investment funds on capital market in Rwanda. 1.7 Significance of the investigation The analyst plans to gather information so as to investigate the connection between capital market and monetary development in Rwanda. This examination will look at the job of establishments toward the advancement of capital market just as the effect of the families (savers) in the capital market in Rwanda. Moreover, this examination is to satisfy the necessity of the Masters certificate in Business Administration. 1.8 Definitions of terms Budgetary division: The Reserve Bank of Australia (www.rba.gov.au/Glossary/text_only.asp), characterizes monetary part as the area of the economy that contains money related establishments and budgetary markets. Money related foundation: An organization whose essential capacity is to moderate among loan specialists and borrowers in the economy. (www.rba.gov.au/Glossary/text_only.asp). Foundations: in this proposed examination organizations could be characterized as follows: Definition 1 (Businessdictionary.com) Foundation, establishment, or association made to seek after a specific sort of try, for example, banking by a money related organization. Definition 2 (Businessdictionary.com) Steady and sorted out example of conduct or exercises (set up by law or custom) that is automatic as per for the most part acknowledged standards. For instance, political organizations are engaged with (and control) rivalry for power; and monetary foundations, (for example, markets) energize and direct creation and conveyance of products and ventures. Least Developed Countries (LCDs): In its most recent triennial audit of the rundown of Least Developed Countries in 2003, the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations utilized the accompanying three rules for the distinguishing proof of the LDCs, as proposed by the Committee for Development Policy (CDP): a low-pay model, in view of a three-year normal gauge of the gross national salary (GNI) per capita (under $750 for incorporation, above $900 for graduation); a human asset shortcoming standard, including a composite Human Assets Index (HAI) in light of markers of: (a) nourishment; (b) wellbeing; (c) instruction; and (d) grown-up proficiency; and a financial weakness basis, including a composite Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) in light of markers of: (a) the precariousness of horticultural creation; (b) the unsteadiness of fares of products and ventures; (c) the monetary significance of non-customary exercises (portion of assembling and present day benefits in GDP); (d) stock fare fixation; and (e) the debilitation of monetary littleness (as estimated through the populace in logarithm); and the level of populace uprooted by catastrophic events. REFERENCES LIST Demirguc-Kunt, A., Maksimovic, V. (1996). Financial exchange Development and Corporate Finance Decisions. Money Development, 33(2), 47-50. North, D. C., Weingast, B. R. (1996). Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England. In L. J. Alston, T. Eggertosson D. C. North (Eds.), Empirical Studies in Institutional Change: Cambridge University Press.

Honors College Essay - Helping You Get Started

Honors College Essay - Helping You Get StartedWhen it comes to writing an honors college essay, you will need to be able to tap into your knowledge of the area you are writing about. This article will give you some tips on where to get help with your papers so that you can write one that stands out.The first thing you should do is check the Internet for some tips on where to get honor college essay samples. You will find a ton of websites that offer these samples are great because they can help you go back to where you were, remember what it was like then, and use that experience to improve your honor's college essay. You should also consider going to the library and looking through the books on there because they can also provide some great hints and ideas for writing a great essay.Writing is something that we all do, and there are many methods of writing that can help you improve your paper. You will want to do some research into a variety of writing styles to see which ones will f it best for you. You will also want to try out the different tips for writing an honors college essay online and see which ones you think will work the best for you.A good writing method is one that you enjoy. If you enjoy writing and you can get your writing done in less than ten minutes, you can greatly increase your chances of writing a great paper. Plus, you will have an easier time getting it right when you are doing it yourself rather than getting it from a book or tutor. Some students get stuck because they are too worried about how well their paper will turn out and put too much stress on it, which can actually cause them to lose focus and not get it done at all.Another good method of writing is to read as much as you can and gain knowledge of the topic. This is a great way to get help from the Internet and then be able to get a feel for the paper before you write it. Having a good foundation for your paper is something that can greatly improve your chances of getting it com pleted as well.One of the most important parts of writing an honors college essay is having the ability to write in a way that is clear and concise. In order to do this, you need to keep a good pace and keep writing. You will also want to take breaks every once in a while so that you don't get so caught up in writing.When you start writing, you should write the formal words clearly. Try to remember that this is an honors college paper and that you will need to know the subject matter well enough to be able to understand it. Once you get past this stage, then you will be able to be more casual and write in a manner that sounds casual.Writing an honors college essay is one of the most important parts of the college, and you should make sure that you are writing one that is well researched and polished. The essays you write will reflect your abilities as a student and can greatly help your grades. It can also be helpful to spend some time reading tips for writing an honors college essa y online to get some ideas of how you should write the paper.

A Marketing Essay - 2200 Words

A Marketing Essay (Essay Sample) Content: A MARKETING ESSAYName:Tutor:Course:Date:A Marketing EssayDifferent companies employ different market methodologies to reach the consumers all over the world. Unilever is a multinational company that deal with consumer goods and founded in 1930 (Robles, FranÃÆ'oise, ÂHaar 2003, p.121). Its products range from beverages, foods, personal care products, and cleaning agents in over 100 nations worldwide. It was measured to be the world third largest consumer goods company, after Nestle and Procter Gamble and the world largest ice cream manufacturer. It is divided into three major segments in the world including Personal care, Home care, and Food divisions. It has over four hundred brand, but 25 of the largest brands make over seventy percent of all sales. Some of the largest brands of the Unilever include Axe/Lynx, Dove, Aviance, Ben Jerryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, Heartbrand, Omo/Surf, Sunsilk, VO5, Wallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, PG Tips, TRESemme, and Rexona/Sure among others (Ma'arif 2011 , p.49).Unilever have a market capitalization of 27.3 billion pounds as at 31 December 2011.It is also listed in the London stock exchange and is the 18th largest company in share trading. The company have undergone restructuring and reengineering since it was formed, absorbing companies like Slim Fast, Ben Jerryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and Best food among others, whiles selling out some of its products like Karo and Mazola to other companies (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2007, p.90). It has also introduced new brand and terminated some in the bid to increase the international market share. There are 14 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"billion-Euro brandsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ which Unilever focuses resources on, since each of these products has an excess of a billion euro annual sales.Unilever has enjoyed product superior quality, and differentiation it is number one in provision of savoury, dressings, ice cream, deodorants, spreads, tea, and mass skin. It is world number two in laundry products and daily hair care, while hav ing local strength in oral care products and household cleaning. Every product is different and is marketed and sold as a unique entity and these is more to the 14 biggest products in the company profile. Price has been one of the unique selling prepositions for the company. Unilever have continuously offered products at a cheaper and pocket friendly price to the consumers in the market it operates. Unique selling point is also tailored to each product advertising to create a reason to buy a given product. Example is in the Unileverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Dove, Degree antiperspirant, and in the Axe advertising among others (Russell 2010, p.51). Dove brands for example, encourage mothers to protect their girls the unrealistic expectations from the beauty industry and portray itself as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Real Beautyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. Axe use an advert of an average man being swarmed by 48 models due to the use of Axe body wash. The Degree antiperspirant uses TV advert à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Degree Road o the Iron manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ to create the brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"never say dieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ personality. These are some of the individual product unique selling point strategies which differentiate the brands and the company in the market. There are unique selling point to the whole company, like the price, and individual product unique selling point, like the brand image of being the leader in beauty.Unilever operate in a market with intense competition from both large multinational corporations like Procter Gamble, and from local small scale firms. To survive in the dynamic global economies, Unilever has to develop marketing methodologies that will give it a competitive edge over its rivals. Unilever has many markets, many niches and so many touches, becoming difficult to please every customer across the globe. It therefore requires proper planning on market segmentation and market strategy in reaching out its diverse market. The company products get used over 2 billion times by over 150 million people all over the world, and these is just an indication of how complex the market is for the company (Brookes and Palmer 2003, p.80). Unilever marketing strategy, which is a combination of three pillars, is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Crafting brand for lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. The three strategy pillars include people first pillar, magical experiences, and indispensable brand pillar. The market strategy put people at heart and is not only shoppers and customers, but all persons. Unilever also try to create brands with a clear point of vie and purpose, that people cannot live without. In its brand strategy, Unilever try to unlock the special or magical experiences with each of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s brands.Unilever had 7000 brand partners and marketers all over the world by November 2013, and had collaborated with many entities in strategy development, while being the world second largest advertiser. In December 2013, Unilever announced that it would cut its sales and marketing workforce by 12% or 800 workers (Doole and Lowe 2013, p.72). This was prompted by the fall of top-line growth of consumer goods, below its rival and competitor Proctor Gamble growth. This was caused by increased competition and slowdown in developed market segments. Unilever announced cost cutting measures to improve efficiency and position the company in a competitive position. The changes will also see cuts in brand ranges, agency partners and people. The planned cut is decreasing the numbers of SKUs and product varieties by 30% by the year 2014.The company also announced the reduction in non-media advertising costs from 32% to 20% (Dibb 2012, p.32).The marketing team in the company plan to market directly in large countries, instead of using regional hubs.Unilever has been involved in recent controversial ads like Pot Noodle ad, Lynx, and Marmite TV campaign. These adverts were criticized to have elements of promoting racial stereotypes and women objectification in case of Lynx ad, degr ading and crass in case of Pot Noodle ad and degrading in case of Marmite TV campaign. The market segment for the company is diverse and spread across different races, religions, sex, and tastes and preferences. The company have to be sensitive on what it put in the ads to avoid offending some people.Bird and McEwan (p.9) outline the process which leads to the formation of Unilever Marketing Council, which is responsible for market activities in the company. The Council have the responsibility of making all the decisions on behalf of the various departing in the company n the marketing matters. The Council liaise with marketers in the company to ensure marketing agendas are aligned with business priorities. Coming up with a marketing strategy is a responsibility of the council.Marketing strategy in Unilever is based on the three pillars as discussed above. Market segmentation involves division of the target market into distinct group based on characteristics, needs, and behaviour wh ich are distinct and might necessitate separate products or different market mix. It can range from geographical, lifestyle, personality, and demographical among others factors. Unilever Australasia use individual branding as a method of creating market segmentation. Each product is named and promoted individually and these have created segmented market in term of products and users in are of personal care, food, homecare, and others. Individual product branding would protect other product images in case of the inferior product introduction.When a company want to enter many segments of the same market, individual branding also help in the strategy. Unilever offer food brands targeted at different market segments. As noted by Ferrell, Lukas, Schembri and Niininen (p. 3), Flora pro-activ margarine targets the consumers with high cholesterol levels, while brand like Lanchoo target Australian consumers with preference to high quality leaf tea. Bushells target the Australians with authen tic and traditional feel to the tea. Unilever has also created very efficient market segmentation in offering of Rin, Wheel, and Surf. The segmentation has been very perfect that, the three products have never eaten into each others market share (Bird and McEwan 2011, p.33). The company has gained a competitive advantage over segmentation in the market. The company has a price model for every market and segment. Products like Aqua is a trendy product targeted for the youths, Raga was targeted for sophisticated Indian woman, Dash targeted for the kids and Sonata was a product targeted for the budget-conscious consumers. Unilever Pakistan Ltd has segmented its market on geographic areas. The market segment is into the urban, rural and sub-urban area target markets.Unilever brand portfolio is made up of 35% Savoury, dressings and spreads, 28% personal care products, 19% ice cream and beverages, and 18% of the portfolio is made up of home care products (Gugenheimer 2006, p.230). The com pany get about 57% of the sales from the emerging markets, and the slowdown in these regions towards the end of 2013, caused the weaker sales to the company. The main competitor of Unilever is Proctor Gamble which have an international turnover of 83.7 billion dollars as compared to 66.7 billion dollars Unilever turnover. The large amount of Unilever sales, 55%, comes from the emerging markets, while 62% of Proctor Gamble sales come from the developed market.Emerging markets offers the greatest promises to the Unilever market future. Emerging economies such as India, China, Africa and other Asian offer the greatest promise to increased market share, since they have in recent past, shown stability in growth, despite the world economy woes. Unilever sales mix give it an edge over its rival Proctor Gamble, and these promises better chances for Unilever (Srinivasan 2008, p.82). Unilever market share stands at 55% in the emerging markets, comp...

Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar

In English  grammar, parallelism is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Also called parallel structure, paired construction, and  isocolon. By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. Kirszner and Mandell point out that parallelism adds unity, balance, and coherence to your writing. Effective parallelism makes sentences easy to follow and emphasizes relationships among equivalent ideas (The Concise Wadsworth Handbook,  2014). In traditional grammar, failure to arrange related items in parallel grammatical form is called faulty parallelism.   Etymology From the Greek, beside one another Examples and Observations Buy a bucket of chicken and have a barrel of fun.(Slogan of Kentucky Fried Chicken)How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live!(Henry David Thoreau, A Year in Thoreaus Journal: 1851)The loss we felt was not the loss of ham but the loss of pig.(E. B. White, Death of a Pig. The Atlantic, January 1948)When you are right you cannot be too radical; when you are wrong, you cannot be too conservative.(Martin Luther King, Jr., Why We Cant Wait. Signet, 1964)Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal.(T.S. Eliot, Philip Massinger, 1920)It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well; to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you; to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth. He changed laws, but he also changed hearts.(President Barack Obama, speech at the memorial service for former South African president Nelson Mandela, D ecember 10, 2013)After a few miles, we drove off a cliff.It wasn’t a big cliff. It was only about four feet high. But it was enough to blow out the front tire, knock off the back bumper, break Dad’s glasses, make Aunt Edythe spit out her false teeth, spill a jug of Kool-Aid, bump Missy’s head, spread the Auto Bingo pieces all over, and make Mark do number two.(John Hughes, Vacation 58. National Lampoon, 1980)New roads; new ruts.(Attributed to G. K. Chesterton)Hes quite a man with the girls. They say hes closed the eyes of many a man and opened the eyes of many a woman.(Telegraph operator to Penny Worth in Angel and the Badman, 1947)They are laughing at me, not with me.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)Voltaire could both lick boots and put the boot in. He was at once opportunist and courageous, cunning and sincere. He managed, with disconcerting ease, to reconcile love of freedom with love of hours.(Attributed to Dominique Eddà ©)Truth is not a diet but a condiment.( Attributed to Christopher Morley)Some of the people said that the elephant had gone in one direction, some said that he had gone in another, some professed not even to have heard of any elephant.(George Orwell, Shooting An Elephant. New Writing, 1936)Our transportation crisis will be solved by a bigger plane or a wider road, mental illness with a pill, poverty with a law, slums with a bulldozer, urban conflict with a gas, racism with a goodwill gesture.(Philip Slater,  The Pursuit of Loneliness. Houghton Mifflin, 1971)Unlike novelists and playwrights, who lurk behind the scenes while distracting our attention with the puppet show of imaginary characters, unlike scholars and journalists, who quote the opinions of others and shelter behind the hedges of neutrality, the essayist has nowhere to hide.(Scott Russell Sanders, The Singular First Person. The Sewanee Review, Fall 1998)O well for the fishermans boy,That he shouts with his sister at play!O well for the sailor lad,That he sing s in his boat on the bay!(Alfred Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break, 1842)[Todays students] can put dope in their veins or hope in their brains. . . . If they can conceive it and believe it, they can achieve it. They must know it is not their aptitude but their attitude that will determine their altitude.(Rev. Jesse Jackson, quoted by Ashton Applewhite et al. in And I Quote, rev. ed. Thomas Dunne, 2003) Effects Created by Parallelism [T]he value of parallel structure goes beyond aesthetics. . . . It points up the structure of the sentence, showing readers what goes with what and keeping them on the right track.(Claire K. Cook, Line by Line. Houghton Mifflin, 1985)Several studies have shown that in conjoined structures, even without ellipsis, parallelism of many types is helpful to the processor,  in that the second conjunct is easier  to process if it is parallel to the first in some way . . ..(Katy Carlson,  Parallelism and Prosody in the Processing of Ellipsis Sentences.  Routledge, 2002) Parallelism has the potential to create rhythm, emphasis, and drama as it clearly presents ideas or action. Consider this long, graceful (and witty) sentence that begins a magazine article on sneakers: A long time ago—before sneaker companies had the marketing clout to spend millions of dollars sponsoring telecasts of the Super Bowl; before street gangs identified themselves by the color of their Adidas; before North Carolina States basketball players found they could raise a little extra cash by selling the freebie Nikes off their feet; and before a sneakers very sole had been gelatinized, Energaired, Hexalited, torsioned and injected with pressurized gas—sneakers were, well, sneakers.[E.M. Swift, Farewell, My Lovely. Sports Illustrated, February 19, 1990] First note the obvious parallelism of four clauses beginning with the word before and proceeding with similar grammatical patterns. Then note the parallel list of sneaker attributes: gelatinized, Energaired and so on. This is writing with pizzazz. It moves. It almost makes you interested in sneakers! Of course you noticed the nice bit of word play—the sneakers very sole.(Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, When Words Collide: A Media Writers Guide to Grammar and Style, 7th ed. Thomson Learning, 2008) Pronunciation: PAR-a-lell-izm

The Works Of John Dewey And Paulo Freire - 1591 Words

Maggie Duguid Final Paper EDF 3604-601 4/28/2015 I found the works of John Dewey and Paulo Freire to be highly impactful. However, I only found them to be truly insightful when compare with the textbook, School and Society. A lot of the concepts that Dewey and Freire discuss need further explanation, which the book provides. Similarly, I found that that textbook alone was very difficult to work with. Like most textbooks, I found it to be very static. With the help of the other readings, certain aspects became much clearer. I should also add that I have never been good at dissecting the work of another person. I do much better dealing with working with the text as a whole. For many of the topics the three readings dealt with, however, I needed to take it apart in order to get the fully comprehend the meaning of the texts. In Experience and Education, Dewey works to lay down a foundation defining what he calls progressive education. His book was written as a response to educations that were still using the traditional education system and actively opposed progressive education. Dewey didn’t write the book to attack or belittle traditional education; he actually wrote it to develop a positive and constructive educational system (Dewey, 20). He wanted to convince people to stop focusing on the labels of education and focus on the how good of an education the students were receiving (Dewey, 90). Dewey felt that at the time education was solely a transfer of knowledge from theShow MoreRelatedCritical Pedagogy And The Reggio Emilia1533 Words   |  7 Pagespedagogy is. Critical pedagogy stems from the idea that there is an unequal social structure in our society which is based upon class, race and gender. It has been formulated and influenced by many psychologists and philosophers including John Dew ey and Paulo Freire. Critical pedagogy is an attempt at freedom from oppression through democratic critical thinking. In critical pedagogy the knowledge learned within the classroom should correlate with and not be separated from any social structure, cultureRead MoreHow The Teacher Chooses The Program Content Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesto it.† (Freire 59) But yet, â€Å"skill obtained apart from thinking†, (Dewey 559) â€Å"consequently leaves a man at the mercy of his routine habits and of the authoritative control of others† (Dewey 559) It is precisely these dehumanizing situations in the classroom that have shaped the opinions of the following educational philosophers. Paulo Freire identifies the teacher as an oppressor which â€Å"fills the student with the contents of his narration† (Freire 57) With a similar complaint John Dewey definesRead MorePoverty And Poverty3093 Words   |  13 Pagespoverty issues, many philosophers talked about educat ional theories during different time periods, such as Paulo Freire, John Dewey, Plato, Nel Noddings, etc. Each of these philosophers has a different background. And as for Paulo Freire and John Dewey, they both have some special opinions about the philosophy of education, and may even still work on New Zealand educational system. Paulo Freire, the Brazilian philosopher of educator, who is one of the two or three Catholic Christians from the RenaissanceRead MoreInfluences Of The National Curriculum1958 Words   |  8 Pagesfurther into the influences of the national curriculum, how conservatives, labour and the coalition have affected social and economic environments in education and comparisons between the conservatives and labour. It will also discuss, philosophers Dewey and Freire reviewing how both of their methods of pedagogy has influenced teachers methods and approaches to teaching. Successive conservatives in the 1980s increased the pace of improvement and reform and introduced â€Å"Market Mechanisms† into the educationRead MoreThe Ideologies Put Forth By Paulo Freire1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe ideologies put forth by Paulo Freire including liberation education, pedagogy of the oppressed, inequality and pedagogy of possibility gives educators hope. These are the educators who are dedicated to bring about positive change in education and by extension society. Freire’s contribution to education through his research and theories resonates with Trinbagonian educators as it encompasses issues of slavery, colonialism, post colonialism social mobility and democracy. Furthermore, Freire’sRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1841 Words   |  8 Pagesphilosophy of education, reflects on the role of teachers and learners, the aim of education and the methods and practices used in the classroom. Jean Jacques Rousseau, Paulo Freire, Loc ke, and Plato/Socrates are the four theorists that shall be used within this essay, to support claims and justify statements regarding this philosophy. John Dewey and A.S Neil are two non-supporting theorists that shall be used in contrast to justify this philosophy. Aim Of Education The aim of education is the systematicRead MoreGraduation Speech : Becoming A Teacher1539 Words   |  7 Pagesentered Pre-K. This moment took me back to my first time when I started school in New York City and the amazing teachers that I came across took the time to push me to achieving my dreams at a young age. I was influenced by these talented teachers to work hard, never give up and the positivity of their words which have stuck with me through my life journey have helped me to achieved so much that I can look back and give thanks to all the powerful encouragement that I received. I wanted to be a partRead MoreThe Philosophy Of The Liberal Progressive Philosophy1015 Words   |  5 Pagessecond philosophy is Liberal Progressive philosophy established by John Dewey and W.H. Kilpatrick. The Liberal Progressive Philosophy provides a refreshing perspective on education with empirical data to support its claims. In the Liberal Progressive philosophy education is seen as a social e nvironment and a democratic ideology is promoted. The third philosophy is Critical Pedagogy established by Henry A. Giroux and Paulo Freire. Critical Pedagogy promotes Utopian ideas and provides people withRead More The Changing Role of the Secondary Educator Essay3856 Words   |  16 Pageswritings of John Dewey, and the radical and critical pedagogies expressed by Paulo Freire, Henry A. Giroux and others. I will first provide a bit of personal background--my learning experience in high school, and the shortcomings I have seen in it. I will then use John Deweys essay, The Education Situation: As Concerns Secondary Education to provide a historical framework to my study. Next, I will examine how classroom management (discipline) affects students learning. Finally, using recent work in criticalRead MoreFactors That Influence A Child s Education Track Essay1919 Words   |  8 Pagesconservative tradition of education was defended by Hannah Arendt. She was a political theorist that believed education should not be focused on the child, rather it should be focused on the adults because adults are in the real world and focus on work rather than play. In Arendt’s piece, The Crisis in Education she states, â€Å"The first is that there exist a child’s world and a society formed among children that are autonomous and must insofar as possible be left to them to govern. Adults are only

A Heated Classroom Discussion Affirmative Action Example...

Responding to a Heated Classroom Discussion: Affirmative Action Example The case involves a heated classroom discussion where a teacher, Jeffery Moran opens a discussion on Affirmative Action in the class and the students like Rikki Johnson connected the topic to racism and gender discrimination. Soon the discussion lost its essence and hot moments were created in the class due to radical opinions of the students on the topic. CASE ANALYSIS Question1. What are the situational characteristics relevant to the case? a. Specific context of teaching learning situation Factors affecting Teaching – Strength of the class – 350 Seating arrangement - Lecture hall sloped down steeply from entry doors at top to a stage podium at bottom. Number of lectures duration - 2 lectures per week of 50 minutes duration each Attendance per class - Two third of the strength Factors affecting Learning – State University – located in rural area of Midwestern United States encouraged diversity and civility due to which many white students perceive themselves to be victim of reverse discrimination in the college admission process. Campus Environment – incidents of harassment were observed on campus due to which certain interest groups were formed who criticized the administration for their inadequate response. To protect the students from religious, political ideological discrimination state legislators were in the process of passing the â€Å"Academic Bills of Rights†. b. Expectation ofShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Literature Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Uganda19646 Words   |  79 PagesProfessional Qualification 47 4.4.3 Giving Assignments to Students 48 4.4.4 The Average Class Size Handled by Literature in English Teachers 50 4.4.5 Supervising Students’ Reading of Set books 51 4.4.6 Let Students Choose Topics for Discussion 52 4.4.7 Frequency of Marking Students’ Work 54 4.4.8 Taking Note of Students’ Ideas 55 4.5.0 Institutional/Environmental Factors 56 4.5.1 Number of Lessons Taught by Literature in English Teachers 56 4.5.2 Satisfaction with the SchoolRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesThis is particularly true in hightechnology industries, such as software development. These entrepreneurial firms are faced with growth, while trying to attract sufficient workers with flexible capabilities and to conserve financial resources. More discussion on HR’s role in organizational restructurings is found in Chapter 2, focusing on strategic HR planning. Consequently, in both large and small organizations the management of HR activities is crucial. HR Management Activities The central focusRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesand Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Objectives, Initiatives, Pathways, and Strategies . . . . 111 Activities, Tasks, and Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Evaluation—Accountability in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Planning Hierarchy—An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6—Marketing Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Marketing—A Strategic ComponentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesTEAMWORK 489 SKILL ASSESSMENT 490 Diagnostic Surveys for Building Effective Teams 490 Team Development Behaviors 490 Diagnosing the Need for Team Building 491 SKILL LEARNING 493 Developing Teams and Teamwork 493 The Advantages of Teams 494 An Example of an Effective Team 497 Team Development 498 The Forming Stage 498 The Norming Stage 499 The Storming Stage 501 The Performing Stage 503 Leading Teams 506 Developing Credibility 507 Establish SMART Goals and Everest Goals 509 International CaveatsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesinnovation in companies at a far faster rate than would have been the case if there had been no boom; that is, without those effects, innovation might not have taken place at all. All this business growth has caused increasing complexity in business action and decision making. It has presented chief executive officers (CEOs) and management leaders in all markets and industries with new intricacies in deciding how to we igh and time the business decisions—and the quality of those decisions—that increasinglyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagescases have been added to most chapters. †¢ Answers to selected exercises are now available in Appendix 1 †¢ A third major computer exercise has been added to the Appendix 2; †¢ The â€Å"Snapshot from Practice† boxes feature a number of new examples of project management in action as well as new research highlights that continue to promote practical application of project management. Overall the text addresses the major questions and issues the authors have encountered over their 60 combined years of teachingRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics in 1999. Chris is a frequent contributor to the AP Statistics Electronic Discussion Group and has reviewed materials for The Mathematics Teacher, the AP Central web site, The American Statistician, and the Journal of the American Statistical Association. He currently writes a column for Stats magazine. Chris graduated from IowaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesgeneralized pronouncements and difficult to conceptualize broadly. As the essays in this collection document in detail, paradox pervades the time span we call the twentieth century, no matter how it is temporally delineated. Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migrationRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pageslocations around the world all at once. It is not responsible or morally sound to make a conjecture at this point in time about the origin. While no government official will release any information about the disease or the riots, they have taken action to contain the disease and control the riots. The UN has its peacekeeping army deployed around the world to help the local authorities contain the riots and infected civilians. They have advised that if someone noticed a person facing symptoms such

Process For Improvement Of Time Management - 1439 Words

Process for Improvement of Time Management Good leadership involves many characteristics. Time management is one characteristic in leadership, which is hard for many nurses to accomplish. Time management involves proper planning, implementation of the plan, and excellent organization of time without wasting time (Said, 2014). Improvement in time management skills is something every good leader should strive to achieve. The importance of time management is something that nursing students understand. As a nursing student, as well as a mother, a wife, and full time nurse, time management is something that just has to happen, or nothing gets done. People with time management skills are able to perform multiple tasks within a certain amount of time (Ebrahimi et al., 2014). Multitasking is just part of everyday, in the life of a nursing student, but I would like to increase the effectiveness of my multitasking, by improving my time management skills at work. Time management is something th at I need to change for the better, and I am going to use the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle to help. The PDCA cycle includes formulating a plan, performing a plan, assembling data, and figuring out if the design works or inevitably needs changes (Neuhauser, Myhre, Alemi, 2004). Plan (P) The idea of the process is to alter my time management, for the better, at work. This process will be completed by preparing time for planning, at least 30 minutes nightly. Implementation of the plan willShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of Continuous Improvement in Management1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Continuous Improvement? Continuous improvement, defined by www.businessdictionary.com as â€Å"Programmed, and an almost unbroken, flow of improvements realized under a scheme such as Kaizan, lean production, or total quality management (TQM)†. Evans and Lindsay defines continuous improvement as incremental changes, which are small and gradual, and breakthrough, or large and rapid, improvements. They go on to say that the improvements may take on several forms such as enhancing value to theRead MoreQuality Improvement Practices Within Organizations1678 Words   |  7 PagesQuality Improvement Practices Quality management is a structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services through continual refinements in response to continuous feedback (Gharakhani, 2013). Thus, it necessitates the consistent application of the appropriate human and technical processes, tools and techniques. A strategic quality strategy will be effective only through long-term commitment and dedicated application by executive management and allRead MoreEagle Ottawa And Contemporary Management Techniques1068 Words   |  5 PagesEagle Ottawa and Contemporary Management Techniques Eagle Ottawa supplies leather for the automotive industry and routinely applies many contemporary management techniques including, but not limited to, total quality management, sustainability, benchmarking, lean management and the theory of constraints (Korc, S., personal communication, 2016). Unfortunately and despite the use of these management methods, Eagle Ottawa is currently in fire-fighting mode for quality spills of different origin andRead MoreKaizen1129 Words   |  5 PagesKaizen The Japanese Strategy of Continuous Improvement What is Kaizen? Kaizen means improvement. Kaizen strategy calls for never-ending efforts for improvement involving everyone in the organization – managers and workers alike. Kaizen and Management Management has two major components: 1. Maintenance, and 2. Improvement. The objective of the maintenance function is to maintain current technological, managerial, and operating standards. The improvement function is aimed at improving currentRead MoreFinding The Customers Needs And Preferences1346 Words   |  6 Pagesprocesses according to customer satisfaction. The time span for completing an online survey is shorter when compared to any other traditional research method. It is not required to wait longer for responses from the respondents as they are almost instant on collecting the data. The online survey is quicker and cheaper than any other research methods like mail surveys, interview methods and etc,. The results of online surveys can be accessed at any time. The recorded responses are more accurate as theyRead MoreQuality Improvement And Risk Management1381 Words   |  6 Pagesthis manual to introduce new employees to the basic concepts of risk and quality management within the institution. This manual meets the institution’s initiat ive for continuous quality improvement within each department and the opportunity to mitigate areas of risk whenever possible. In order to accomplish this goal, it is important for the new employee to be able to identify what quality improvement and risk management mean within the institution. The institution believes that when employees areRead MoreAnalysis Of Ibm s Six Sigma1170 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Six Sigma is a business management strategy originally developed by Motorola, USA in 1981. As of 2010, it enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry, although its application is not without controversy. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimising variability in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical methods, and createsRead MoreCONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT1048 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is continuous improvement means in the context of organisational success Continuous improvement is a quality philosophy that assumes further improvements are always possible and that processes should be continuously re-evaluated and improvements implemented. It is also the seeking of small improvements in processes and products, with the objective of increasing quality and reducing waste. It is believed that an organization must constantly measure the effectiveness of its processes and striveRead MoreRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary1698 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Risk management is the practice of measuring risk and creating strategies to accomplish the risk. In ideal risk management, an arrangement process is shadowed whereby the risks with the maximum loss and extreme probability of happening are controlled first. However, the procedure can be hard, and maintaining between risks with high possibility of occurrence but lower loss and risks with high loss but lower possibility of occurrence can often be mismanagedRead MoreHow Quality And How It Can Benefit Our Business1554 Words   |  7 Pageswill tell us the following: †¢ what quality is and how it can benefit our business †¢ what can be learned from the history of the application of quality management †¢ the contribution that improved quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement approaches can make in our business †¢ the need for our company to adopt quality management principles and how they will benefit our business †¢ how the application of the PDCA cycle can help us to improve and maintain quality standards †¢ how flow

Usage of Big Data in Business Organizations-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Uses of Big Data in Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction: The method of research into massive amounts of data to expose hidden patterns and correlations termed as Big data analytics. Big data is a term for massive data sets having large, more varied and complex structure with the obstacles of storing, analysing and visualizing for further methods of outcomes. Big data could supply scopes for small businesses, micro industries, independent traders as these could proceed for big corporations. When the average small business has low self-originated data than large corporate such as Apple, Microsoft or Google, it does not interpret that big data is limitless. Big data has more suitability to small businesses, as they are commonly more flexible and has ability to respond more instantly on data-driven insights (Gandomi and Haider, 2015). The big data implementations are required to be analysed and incorporated as appropriately as possible. The companies both large and small are starting to utilize big data and relevant analysis approached to gain data to better support of the company and serve the customers. This research paper represents an outline of content of big data, objectives, opportunities, processes, advantages and issues. The customer trend analysis, concepts of predictive modelling and data mining are going to discussed in the below section of the research report. Project Objectives: The big data analysis through customer transaction analysis and market structure analysis are executed. The global business trends help to shape future business research directions according to the results of past. Additionally, the data-driven business analytics and intelligence are highly applied and these could leverage scopes specified by the abundant data as well as analytics based on domain requirements in many critical and high-influencing application fields (Russom, 2011). A reputed organization considers relevant information and corresponding decision rights for the welfare of the company. The aim of the business project is to generate, transfer and analyse the big data for optimizing cross-functional cooperation and enhancing factors behind domain expertise. Project Scope: Business analytics and intelligence have deep relevance with big data analysis that is gradually becoming crucial in business communities since last five decades. The scopes associated with big data in various organizations have originated significant interest in business analytics. Big data management and warehousing is supposed to be the foundation of Business management. Simple graphics, data characteristics, data segmentation and data analysis are considered as big data mining techniques. Well-established management authority focuses on data-driven predictive modelling and various business applications (Sharda, Delen and Turban, 2013). The velocity, variety, variability, value and volume (5V) of big data help to increase the quality of decision-making (Chen and Zhang, 2014). Use of big data enables authority and managers to decide planning based on evidence rather than intuition. Because of this reason, big data has potentiality to bring revolution in management. Big data is a currently growing technology in the market that can bring vast benefits to the business organizations. The scopes are the digitisation and interlinking of analogue and unstructured data such as social media. Social media information, mobile, cloud and big data technologies converge to solve requirements of business strategy and to get the actual information to reach to consumers quickly by maintaining validity of external big data and reliability of relationships among data elements (Waller and Fawcett, 2013). Current technologies in data access and analytics lend themselves to innovatively attacking challenge of intelligent and proactive col laboration in these disciplines and tool sets. Business administrators could correlate past sales activities and demographics as well as forecasting the demand of products (Zikopoulos and Eaton, 2011). Literature Review: Big data is defined as huge amount of data that needs modern technologies and architectures so that it becomes possible to extract values by capturing and analysing data handling methods. Because of such huge size of data, it becomes very tough for performing effective analysis using the traditional techniques. It is essential for different obstacles and problems related in granting the technology brought under light. Big data technology along with its importance in the world and existing projects that are effective and crucial in transforming the idea of science into big science (Sagiroglu and Sinanc, 2013). Big data analysis reveals the forms, nature and philosophical bases in details. The big data is framed technically, economically, ethically, spatially and philosophically (McAfee, Brynjolfsson and Davenport, 2012). Big data is generally primary and quantitative in nature. It has four major qualities that are Captured, Exhausted, Transient and Derived. Big data analytics provides business abilities to gather customer data apply analytics and quickly detect potential problems. Therefore, big data analysis is becoming more and more crucial to businesses as business is the key point to obtain better data context. Mark Gallagher, the managing director of CMS Motor Sports Ltd. has developed the theory of The Data Driven Business of Winning. Driven by specialized analytics systems and software, big data analytics could focus the way to different benefit utilities involving new revenue scopes, marketing that are more effective, better customer service, enhanced operational efficiencies and competitive advantages over rivals. Data scientists and statisticians handle big data analytics for predictive modelling (Mithas et al., 2013). Useful data resources involve traditional and contemporary data, transforming activities such as identifying markets, market trend, market value and customer satisfaction. Social media, browser logs, text analytics, in-house data as well as large and public datasets such as survey data are the major resources of big-data for the business organisations. Some of the processes used to gather big data involve customer surveys, analysis of customer browsing histories and preference of social media (Liebowitz, 2013). Other ways big data is gathered are sensors utilised in public transportation and credit card spending histories. After collection of big data, it is typically in high capacity hard drives and on the cloud. Big data is used in major decision making for helping a growth of business and achievement of revenue targets. Previously, big data were mostly utilized on-premises especially in big management organisations. However, cloud platform vendors like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft have made it easier to establish and manage Hadoop clusters in the data storing clouds (Talia, 2013). With the help of their support, the distribution of framework of big data has become easier. Potential drawbacks may trip up business organizations on initiatives of big data analytics. Therefore, it involves a scarcity of internal analytics skills of the company. To fill up the pitfalls, business and financing companies are hiring experienced data scientists, analysts and data engineers. Organizing big data and making big data sources connected with resources is a critical task. Every department of a company from marketing to finance or from production cell to analytics uses big data for well-informed decisions. Connected big data resources bring more visibility and transparency in any business organization by more access to the employees and managers. Big data access grows more awareness among the business employees. The whole hierarchy of decision-making becomes clearer by connecting big data sources (Cuzzocrea, Song and Davis, 2011). Businesses become more adept at controlling the flood of data by connecting big data sources with the entire hierarchy of decision-making. Now days, social media data has exploded and correspondingly organizations have much data to make timely decisions. Combination of big data source with other customer information sources leads to more clear reflection of current and potential customers. According to the various departments, sales and marketing resources utilises data mining approach. In the field of analytics of big data, the approach of multidimensional data plays a major role by highlighting open problems and proper research trends. The analytical contribution is accomplished at the end by generating Data Warehousing. In data warehousing, data filtration and data cleaning are two crucial steps (LaValle et al., 2011). After that we could proceed for data management. Financial and trading solutions need to be solved by predictive and trend analysis driven by big data. Big data analysis supports organizations to detect new scopes. In return, it leads to smarter business moves, efficient operations, greater profits and more satisfied customers. Big data techniques like cloud-based analytics and Hadoop bring significant advantages of cost while it comes the turn of storing huge amount of data. Additionally, management authority could detect the more effective ways of trading. The cost reduction is facilitated in this way. With the speed of Hadoop and memory analytics combined with ability to analyse new sources of data, managing authority should be able to analyse information immediately. With the ability to predict customer needs and satisfaction with the help of big data analysis, organizations are producing new products to meet requirements of customers (Chen, Chiang and Storey, 2012). High performance analysis leads to indicate fleeting scopes to get new growth scopes using information resources more efficiently. After making the data ready, software operations are applied for advanced analytics methods. Big data analysis is consists of tools for data mining, predictive analytics, forecasting, machine learning and deep learning. Trend analysis and Text mining procedures are frequently used for analytic methods. The main advantage of big data analysis is that it often involves data from both external resources and internal systems. Additionally, streaming analytics in big data analysis are becoming common in big data environments. Real-time analytics are executed by open source stream processing software such as Flink and Storm. Customer service and retail service are adopting big data analytics to meet the demands. Retail sectors are not only granting in-depth understanding but also having high quality and well-governed business questions. In customer service, data mining technology helps the company to examine large amount of data by softwares like SAS and Python and assess the outcomes. The open source software like Hadoop and Python or authorised softwares like SAS helps to compute distributing models of big data. The predictive analytics uses technological data and statistical algorithms to identify the complex features of the data. In corporate services and information technological sections, business companies generally use the technology of text mining. Emails, Twitter feeds, online surveys and blogs are the most common text based sources of big data analysed by corporate houses. Best quality of refined data provides the best interpretation. It could sort out problems regarding customer experience or complex productivity. Big data techniques analyse all the various permutations to augment that gives lesson to more quickly resolve or enhance a specific solution. IT department has the ability to measure the business outcomes for planning future services and enhancing cost measurement. Most business organization has some type of asset database that involves data. In spite of the anticipated and realised utilities of data infrastructures, big data still neither have been universally welcomed nor has been proven easy to structuralize and implement. The issues regarding big data analysis are not simply technical and human-resource based (Katal, Wazid and Goudar, 2013). Sometimes the appropriate model building becomes difficult. The amount of data included in big data analysis may cause typical data management issues in the field of data quality, consistency and governance. Besides, the data of different platforms and different conditions may provide confusing results. Integrating big data tools and software like Hadoop, Spark, SAS and Python into cohesive architectures puts the needs of big data analysis of a business organisation in a challenging position. Hence, analysts and IT team identify the right mixture of technical aspects and then put the segments of big data analysis together (Bughin, Chui and Manyika, 2010). Conclusion: Big data have strong utility and high value as they generate major outcomes to the different modes of analysis in the area of business and financing organizations. It generates innovations, policies and knowledge that shape the analysis structure. The report successfully provides a broad overview of emerging set of techniques utilised to process, analyse and implement big data analysis for business purpose especially for small financial industries. The scale and velocity of big data analysis are being more widespread and accessible. Business organisations further need to observe insights of data deluge, involving structured and unstructured data handling, basic coding, data mining, data visualization, data modelling and simulation. Data driven science would transform the underlying environmental systems. Identification of specific relationships between phenomenon and methods could create new hypotheses that might establish further studies. Big data analysis gives an effort on the businesses that are slower and less efficient with more traditional business management. Speed and efficacy are needed in big data analysis for further decision making. The better business outcomes are achieved by combination of good quality data and powerful analytics. Business organisations could be successful with the inclusion of good data and powerful analytics. Therefore, we can conclude that big data analysis for business is extraordinary relevant market-driven essential curriculum vitae. The concrete issues of management from business leaders gain exposure to the real world for successful practitioner and participants. References:- Bughin, J., Chui, M., Manyika, J. (2010). Clouds, big data, and smart assets: Ten tech-enabled business trends to watch.McKinsey Quarterly,56(1), 75-86. Chen, C. P., Zhang, C. Y. (2014). Data-intensive applications, challenges, techniques and technologies: A survey on Big Data. Information Sciences, 275, 314-347. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4). Cuzzocrea, A., Song, I. Y., Davis, K. C. (2011, October). Analytics over large-scale multidimensional data: the big data revolution!. InProceedings of the ACM 14th international workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAP(pp. 101-104). ACM. Gandomi, A., Haider, M. (2015). Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics. International Journal of Information Management, 35(2), 137-144. Katal, A., Wazid, M., Goudar, R. H. (2013, August). Big data: issues, challenges, tools and good practices. InContemporary Computing (IC3), 2013 Sixth International Conference on(pp. 404-409). IEEE. LaValle, S., Lesser, E., Shockley, R., Hopkins, M. S., Kruschwitz, N. (2011). Big data, analytics and the path from insights to value. MIT sloan management review, 52(2), 21. Liebowitz, J. (Ed.). (2013).Big data and business analytics. CRC press. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T. H. (2012). Big data: the management revolution.Harvard business review,90(10), 60-68. Mithas, S., Lee, M. R., Earley, S., Murugesan, S., Djavanshir, R. (2013). Leveraging Big Data and Business Analytics [Guest editors' introduction]. IT professional, 15(6), 18-20. Russom, P. (2011). Big data analytics. TDWI best practices report, fourth quarter, 19, 40. Sagiroglu, S., Sinanc, D. (2013, May). Big data: A review. In Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 42-47). IEEE. Sharda, R., Delen, D., Turban, E. (2013). Business Intelligence: A Managerial Perspective on Analytics. Prentice Hall Press. Talia, D. (2013). Clouds for scalable big data analytics. Computer, 46(5), 98-101. Waller, M. A., Fawcett, S. E. (2013). Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management. Journal of Business Logistics, 34(2), 77-84. Zikopoulos, P., Eaton, C. (2011). Understanding big data: Analytics for enterprise class hadoop and streaming data. McGraw-Hill Osborne Media.

Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Answer: Introduction: Climate change is defined as the change in the global environment which occurred due to direct or indirect human practices. It is a result of increasing greenhouse gases in the environment due to human activities such as deforestation, use of non-renewable energy sources and burning of fossil fuel (Pindyck, 2013, p.865). In order to address this issue, the government can impose a carbon tax on carbon emissions of companies and people. A carbon tax is a fee that is imposed by the government on the use of fossil fuels or carbon-based fuels including gas, coal and oil (Murray and Rivers, 2015, p.678). Many countries including the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, Ireland and Chile has imposed a carbon tax policy (Carbon Tax, 2018, n.p). The issue is whether imposition of a carbon tax can assist in reducing carbon emissions caused by corporations and individuals that cause climate change. A carbon tax can increase the administrative costs for implementation and collection of tax which w ill slow down economic growth of countries. A carbon tax did not guarantee that carbon emissions will be reduced because companies can shift their locations to avoid carbon tax. Although the carbon tax can reduce carbon emissions by eliminating the use of fossil fuel in the manufacturing process, and it can increase the investment in renewable energy sources such as sunlight, tides, wind and biomass. However, carbon tax is not an effective option for mitigating the risk of climate change. It is difficult to increase investment in renewable energy because the administrative costs relating to managing and collecting of the carbon tax will be substantially high that will slow down the countrys economy. The government has to make high investments to ensure that every organisation pay carbon tax accordingly and it became a new burden for manufacturing firms, customers, society and the government. The manufacturing companies are more likely to increase prices for their products and services to mitigate the carbon tax expenses which increase the financial burden of the public (Conefrey et al., 2013, p.941). Furthermore, investors are less likely to invest in countries that impose a carbon tax to save capital which reduces their economy. In Australia, 93.38 percent of the energy consumed through fossil fuel which makes it difficult for the government to encourage organisations to use renewable energy sources (Trading Economics, 2018, n.p). Therefore, if a carbon tax is impose d, then prices of products and services will increase, and investment will decrease which will slow down the economic growth. However, a carbon tax can reduce carbon emissions of companies and individuals and increase the investment in renewable energy sources. Carbon tax encourages organisations to develop environment-friendly technology instead of using fossil fuels that are easily available and relatively cheaper but has a harmful impact on the environment. Due to a high rate of carbon tax, people would make efforts to find new and alternative sources of energy that are environment-friendly such as wind, solar energy, biomass, and tides (Ploeg and Withagen, 2014, p.283). For example, Australian companies are investing in wind power as a source of renewable energy which has grown 35 percent in five years up to 2011. These wind power sources generate 4,455 megawatts (MW) of energy as of 2017, and they are expected to increase up to 18,823 MW (Ramblingsdc, 2015, n.p). Therefore, if a carbon tax is imposed, then investment in renewable energy increases which address the issue of climate change. Although a carbon tax encourages investment in renewable energy, it is far from being an effective solution for climate change. Organisations are more likely to increase their products and services prices rather than investing in renewable energy sources because they require high level of investment. The government will also face difficulty in investing in renewable energy sources because the administration cost of imposing and collecting of carbon tax is substantially high (Aldy and Stavins, 2012, p.176). Investors also did not prefer to invest in countries that impose a high rate of carbon tax that would negatively affect the nations economic growth (Carl and Fedor, 2016, p.57). If carbon tax is imposed, then purchasing power and real (inflation-adjusted) salaries of people will be reduced. Therefore, carbon tax negatively affects a countrys economic growth. The government aims to reduce carbon emissions of corporations and people by imposing a carbon tax; however, it did not guarantee that global carbon emission will be reduced. One of the major contributors of greenhouse gases is manufacturing organisations; instead of paying a high rate of the carbon tax, these corporations can shift their production facilities to countries in which there is no policy of carbon tax (Martin, De Preux and Wagner, 2014, p.1). More than 53 percent of manufacturing work has been outsourced by companies to China and India because of lower labour costs and lack of carbon tax (Statistic Brain, 2017, n.p). Therefore, if a harmonised carbon tax system is not applied worldwide, then it cannot reduce carbon emissions of large companies since they can switch their production location which reduces the impact of a carbon tax system. A carbon tax reduces the negative impact of climate change by reducing huge amount of carbon emissions caused by manufacturing companies and individuals that increase greenhouse gases in the environment. If the government did not make appropriate efforts to reduce carbon emissions, then, it will damage the environment and its resources. In order to preserve the environment, the level of carbon dioxide emission is required to decrease that can be achieved by the imposition of a carbon tax (Samimi and Zarinabadi, 2012, p.1012). In Sweden, from 2000 to 2012, greenhouse gas emissions reduced by 16 percent (OCED, 2014, p.4). Between 1990 and 2005, Demark reported a reduction in carbon emissions per person by 15 percent (Nunez, 2018, n.p). As a result, if carbon tax is imposed, then environmental conditions can be improved. However, carbon tax cannot completely mitigate the risk of climate change because it did not implement across the world. It is not a suitable option due to lack of a globally harmonised carbon tax system. Countries such as Norway and Finland are able to effectively implement carbon tax because of stable economic conditions and low population in the country (Di Cosmo and Hyland, 2013, p.409). However, in large nations such as China, India, EU and USA, it is difficult for governments to impose and collect tax from all organisations effectively (Li et al., 2013, p.927). Countries such as China and India are heavily populated, and they make about 37 percent of worlds total carbon emissions (China 30 percent and India 7 percent) (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2017, n.p). If not efforts made by these two nations for reducing carbon emissions, then it is difficult to reduce carbon emissions around the world by imposing carbon tax. Therefore, carbon tax is not a suitable opt ion. In conclusion, a carbon tax policy can reduce carbon emissions of organisations and individuals, and it can increase the investment in green energy sources which can address the issue of climate change. However, governments face many financial and economic difficulties while implementing a carbon tax policy. It increases the financial burden on companies, people and government. Moreover, corporations can switch their production location to avoid carbon tax due to lack of harmonised carbon tax system worldwide. Therefore, carbon tax is not the best solution for addressing the issue of climate change. Thus, governments should seek other policies for addressing the issue of climate change such as eco-friendly transportation system or recycling and companies across the world should participate in such programs worldwide. References Aldy, JE and Stavins, RN 2012, The promise and problems of pricing carbon: Theory and experience,The Journal of Environment Development, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 152-180. Carbon Tax 2018, Where Carbon Is Taxed, Carbon Tax, viewed 31 March 2018, https://www.carbontax.org/where-carbon-is-taxed/ Carl, J and Fedor, D 2016, Tracking global carbon revenues: A survey of carbon taxes versus cap-and-trade in the real world,Energy Policy, vol. 96, pp. 50-77. Conefrey, T, Fitz Gerald, JD, Valeri, LM and Tol, RS 2013, The impact of a carbon tax on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Ireland,Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 934-952. Di Cosmo, V and Hyland, M 2013, Carbon tax scenarios and their effects on the Irish energy sector,Energy Policy, vol. 59, pp. 404-414. Li, A, Zhang, A, Cai, H, Li, X and Peng, S 2013, How large are the impacts of carbon-motivated border tax adjustments on China and how to mitigate them?,Energy Policy, vol. 63, pp. 927-934. Martin, R, De Preux, LB and Wagner, UJ 2014, The impact of a carbon tax on manufacturing: Evidence from microdata,Journal of Public Economics, vol.117, pp. 1-14. Murray, B and Rivers, N 2015, British Columbias revenue-neutral carbon tax: A review of the latest grand experiment in environmental policy,Energy Policy, vol. 86, pp. 674-683. Nunez, C 2018, Whats A Carbon Tax, And How Does It Reduce Emissions?, National Geographic, viewed 6 April 2018, https://channel.nationalgeographic.com/before-the-flood/articles/whats-a-carbon-tax-and-how-does-it-reduce-emissions/ OCED 2014, Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden, OCED, viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.oecd.org/environment/country-reviews/Sweden%20Highlights%20web%20pages2.pdf Pindyck, RS 2013, Climate change policy: What do the models tell us?,Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 860-72. Ploeg, F and Withagen, C 2014, Growth, renewables, and the optimal carbon tax,International Economic Review,vol. 55, no. 1, p. 283. Ramblingsdc 2015 Wind power and wind farms in Australia, Ramblingsdc viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.ramblingsdc.net/Australia/WindPower.html Samimi, A and Zarinabadi, S 2012, Reduction of greenhouse gases emission and effect on environment,Journal of American Science,vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1011-1015. Statistic Brain 2017, Job Overseas Outsourcing Statistics, Statistic Brain viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.statisticbrain.com/outsourcing-statistics-by-country/ Trading Economics 2018, Australia Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total), Trading Economics, viewed 6 April 2018, https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/fossil-fuel-energy-consumption-percent-of-total-wb-data.html United States Environmental Protection Agency 2017, Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data, EPA, viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data

Nagging and flattery Essay Example

Nagging and flattery Essay Alison refers to her first three husbands as being old, rich and good. Alison always wanted her freedom to do what she wanted and to have affairs when she pleased. She easily outwitted her old husbands through nagging and flattery, when she pretended to be jealous.  Yet tikled I his herte, for that he/ Wende that I hadde of him so greet chiertee.  Alisons fourth husband was different and had affairs. Alison, however, enjoyed the social aspects of life with dancing, singing and drinking. At this point Alison becomes sentimental and shows her more vulnerable side. Alison got her revenge by flirting with other men. Her husband died when she returned from Jerusalem and she buried him cheaply, dismissing painful memories of him. Lat him fare wel, God yeve his soul reste!  He is now in his grave and in his cheste  The Wifes fifth husband provides Alison with her most unpleasant encounter with auctoritee. Alison married Jankin purely for love. Jankin may have been clever but not wealthy and Alison gives him all her goods once theyre married. Jankin is auctoritee without experience and preaches to Alison from his Book of Wicked Wives. This enrages Alison and she fights with Jankin who deafens her in one ear. Jankin thinks he has killed her and gives Alison back the power and control. We will write a custom essay sample on Nagging and flattery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nagging and flattery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nagging and flattery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Wife has a remarkably lifelike, three dimensional personality who is not afraid of showing her vices or virtues. She is noisy, pushy and bossy. She is open about her devious nature, and is always planning tricks and schemes. She is very practical woman, capable of running a profitable business and household. She is clever, and knows how to use her knowledge of scholarly and biblical texts to put across her opinions. Her main concerns are men, power and sex, and she is certainly attractively, wealth and looks. She is vigorous, enthusiastic and optimistic about life, showing nostalgia but not bitterness when she recalls her lost youth. She also has a warm and vulnerable side on a number of occasions. Efforts to silence her by the Pardoner and the Friar come to nothing; even Chaucer gets carried away with his talkative, outgoing creation. Whether we like the Wife or not, she certainly cannot be ignored.

The Death of Queen Victoria and Her Era

The Death of Queen Victoria and Her Era Queen Victoria was the second-longest reigning British monarch in history, ruling the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901. Her death on Jan. 22, 1901, at age 81 was mourned around the world and signaled an end to the Victorian Era. Queen Victoria Dies For months, Queen Victorias health had been failing. She had lost her appetite and started looking frail and thin. She would tire more easily and would often have bouts of confusion. Then, on January 17, the queens health took a severe turn for the worse. When she woke up, her personal physician, Dr. James Reid, noticed that the left side of her face had started to sag. Also, her speech had become slightly slurred. She had suffered one of several small strokes. By the following day, the queens health was worse. She stayed in bed all day, unaware of who was by her bedside. Early in the morning of Jan. 19, Queen Victoria seemed to rally. She asked Dr. Reid if she was better, to which he assured her that she was. But she quickly slipped out of consciousness again. It had become obvious to Dr. Reid that Queen Victoria was dying. He summoned her children and grandchildren. At 6:30 p.m. on Jan. 22 Queen Victoria died, surrounded by her family, at the Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Preparing the Coffin Queen Victoria had left very detailed instructions as to how she wanted her funeral. This included specific things she wanted inside her coffin. Many of the items were from her beloved husband, Albert, who had died in 1861. On January 25, Dr. Reid carefully placed the items Queen Victoria had requested in the bottom of her coffin: Alberts dressing gown, a plaster cast of Alberts hand, and photographs. When that was done, Queen Victorias body was lifted into the coffin with the help of her son Albert (the new king), her grandson William (the German Kaiser), and her son Arthur (the Duke of Connaught). Then, as instructed, Dr. Reid helped place Queen Victorias wedding veil over her face and, once the others had departed, placed a picture of her favorite personal attendant John Brown in her right hand, which he covered with flowers. When all was ready, the coffin was closed and then carried to the dining room where it was covered with the Union Jack (Britains flag) while the body lay in state. The Funeral Procession On February 1, Queen Victorias coffin was moved from Osborne House and placed on the ship Alberta, which carried the queens coffin across the Solent to Portsmouth. On February 2, the coffin was transported by train to Victoria Station in London. From Victoria to Paddington, the queens coffin was carried by gun carriage, since Queen Victoria had requested a military funeral. She had also wanted a white funeral, so the gun carriage was pulled by eight white horses. The streets along the funeral route were crowded with spectators who wanted to get a last glimpse of the queen. As the carriage passed by everyone remained silent. All that could be heard were the clattering of the horses hooves, the jangling of swords, and the distant boom of gun salutes. Once at Paddington, the queens coffin was placed on a train and taken to Windsor. At Windsor, the coffin was again placed on a gun carriage pulled by white horses. This time, however, the horses began to act up and were so unruly that they broke their harness. Since the front of the funeral procession was unaware of the problem, they had already marched up Windsor Street before they were stopped and turned around. Quickly, alternate arrangements had to be made. The naval guard of honor found a communication cord and turned it into an impromptu harness and the sailors themselves then pulled the queens funeral carriage. Queen Victorias coffin was then placed in St. Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, where it remained in the Albert Memorial Chapel for two days under guard. Burial of Queen Victoria On the evening of February 4, Queen Victorias coffin was taken by gun carriage to Frogmore Mausoleum, which she had built for her beloved Albert upon his death. Above the mausoleums doors, Queen Victoria had inscribed, Vale desideratissime. Farewell most beloved. Here at length I shall rest with thee, with thee in Christ I shall rise again.

87 Advanced Business Writing Tips [That Actually Work]

87 Advanced Business Writing Tips [That Actually Work] I'm excited to share these top87 business writing tips with you. They were honed while I studied English Literature and Rhetoric, taught writing at the university level, and workedwith thousands of individuals and hundreds of companies to help people write better at work. Many of these tips come directly from our award winning online business writing courses. My hope is these tips help you enjoy writing, better communicate at work, get ahead in your career, and grow your business! Jump to a section This is a huge list with 87 of the best business writing tips. Use these links to jump to a section: PLANNING AND PROCESS TIPSFORMATTING TIPSLANGUAGE TIPSEDITING TIPSGRAMMAR TIPSBUSINESS WRITING TOOLSINFOGRAPHIC 1. Know Your AudienceBusiness writing is all about your reader. Your reader is your focus point, not what you know. 2.Prime Questions Before you write anything, ask yourself these two questions:1) Who is my reader?2) What do I want this reader to know or do?If you can’t answer these two questions, stop. Don’t write the document because it has no purpose. PLANNING AND PROCESS 3.Think FirstBusiness writing is just as much about thinking as it is about writing. 4.Most Time is PlanningYou should spend approximately 50% of your time planning a business document or email. 5. Drafting is EasyDrafting a document is the easiest part and should require approximately 20% of your time. 6. Editing TimeAllocate 30% of your time to editing. 7. Plan First, Then DraftAccept that you want to draft more than you want to plan a document or email. Everyone does. Drafting gives us a (sometimes false) sense of accomplishment. And, drafting is easier than planning. 8. Woody Allen is Right about WritingWoody Allen calls the planning portion of writing the â€Å"pace the floor† part. If you are an analytical thinker, which many business writers are, this is natural for you, but accept that sometimes it makes your brain hurt as your mind has to figure out all the interconnections. 9. Concept Maps are Essential for Business WritersMapping the structure of a complex document will make both planning and drafting much easier. 10. Develop HeadingsWhen you plan your documents, write a heading for each main section of your document. Don’t worry about the wording of the heading as you are planning to document, but verify that you can encapsulate the content of that section into a heading. If you can’t, your content is murky so fix it now before you waste time trying to edit the language when the real problem is disorganization. 11. Start Where It's EasiestYou don’t have to begin writing a document or email at the first sentence. The first sentence is often the hardest sentence to write. Instead, look at your document headings and write the section that is easiest or most interesting for you. Once you begin writing, the interconnectivity of thoughts will ignite, and the rest of the document will be easier to write. 12. How to Jump in and OutIn real life, business writers don’t have the luxury of a half-day of uninterrupted writing time. To maximize your efficiency, refer to the map or outline you created, decide which section you can tackle in the time you have and start drafting. Having a map and headings will prevent you from having to re-engage your thinking all over again each time you exit and enter the document. 13. Back Up When You Get StuckThe best recommendation given to meduring my years of rhetorical studies was: â€Å"The secret of writing is knowing when to back up. Don’t try to edit and polish before something is fully drafted. Don’t try to draft before your thoughts are clear. When you get stuck, back up!† As a business writer, this has saved me lots of frustration. 14. Hire a CoachHire a business writing coach and receive personalized feedback. One-on-one sessions will help you gain confidence in your writing. FORMAT TIPS 15. Paragraphs Seven Lines or Less Online In email or other documents that will be read online, be certain your paragraphs aren’t longer than seven lines. (Lines, not sentences.) Any longer than that and readability studies show that your readers just see a big block of text and jump over it. 16. Dangling Expressions are Funny but Avoid Them Dangling expressions commonly creep in documents in bullets and when copying and pasting. Example:David Corcoran wrote the project plan while traveling to Atlanta on the back of an envelope.(Who knew one could travel on an envelope?) hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'bf4ee473-8e6b-46bf-b9e3-368d74d60b44', {}); 17. Use Regular Words to Avoid Non-Sexist WritingAvoid awkward non-sexist constructions like his/her and s/he. Instead, write out the actual words - his or her. 18. Headings Will Allow Your Readers to Scan EasilyUsing headings in email to highlight the organization will allow readers to scan the email more efficiently. 19. Make it Easy for Your Reader to ScanAdd white space to your documents by usingnumbered and bulleted lists. 20. Use Format to Indicate HierarchyIndent paragraphs to visually indicate it is a subset of the information above. LANGUAGEBEST PRACTICE TIPS 21. Write to Express, Not to ImpressIn business writing, your goal is to easily transmit ideas and information, not to flaunt a big vocabulary. 22. ConciseWriting is Skilled WritingConcisewritingis harder to craft thanwriting that has no length limit. Blaise Pasqual stated, "I apologize for the length of my letter. I did not have time to make it shorter." 23. Use Short WordsI’ve long admired Richard Lederer’s writing on language. In his 1991 book, The Miracle of Language, Lederer sings the praises of the short word: When you speak and write, there is no law that says you have to use big words. Short words are as good as long ones, and short, old words- like sun and grass and home- are best of all. A lot of small words, more than you might think, can meet your needs with a strength, grace, and charm that large words do not have. Two tips on clarity I always highlight in ourbusiness writing courses: Never use a big word when a small word will do. Any time a word is not truly needed, cut it. 24. Use Staccato Short Words to Grab AttentionTo grab your reader’s attention at pivotal moments in a document, such as the recommendation or conclusion, deliberately shift one or two sentences to all single-syllable words. A break in varied syllable length has the same effect on reading a document that staccato notes have when listening to music. The short, staccato words subconsciously alert your reader that something has shifted, causing them to pay more attention. 25. Winston Churchill WisdomWinston Churchill wisely stated, â€Å"Big men use little words, and little men use big words.† 26.Verbs = Energy Verbs are the pivot point of a sentence. Strong verbs have real punch. Compare: The famous strong verb example by Julius Caesar: â€Å"Veni, vidi, vici.† I came, I saw, I conquered. Business-speak: I was in attendance, and I conducted a review of the situation and culture, and I made recommendations for acquisition. 27. Use PreciseVerbsTo bring clarity to your writing, use preciseand evocative verbs. Business writers tend to muddle verbs because imprecise verb use is so common in business writing that it sounds normal to our ears. 28. Don't Smother VerbsA common clarity problem in business writing is â€Å"smothered verbs,† which are verbs that were changed to nouns (called â€Å"nominalization†). For example, the verb decide is nominalized into the noun decision. These nominalized verbs require helping words around them that smother their impact, muddle the clarity of a sentence, and increase sentence length. 29. Verbs Used Right Bring ClarityEnhance clarityby using a specific verb, instead of a smothered nominalized word.Example:The core verb in this sentence is â€Å"decide:"We need to make a decision about hiring either Kevin or Kira. - smothered verbWe need to decide about hiring either Kevin or Kira. - unsmothered verb 30. How to Cut 20% - 25% of BloatCutting smothered verbs reduces document length by 20-25% in most business documents. None of the smothering words have any value. Unsmothering verbs is a very powerful clarity technique. 31. "Take" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word take near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If take is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We need to take the data findings into consideration if we expand the product line.We need to consider the data findings if we expand the product line. 32. "Give" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the wordgive near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If give is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:Let me give consideration to your muddled writing. Let me consider your muddled writing. 33. "Have" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word have near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If have is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:I have a suspicion some of your verbs are smothered.I suspect some of your verbs are smothered. 34. "Make" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word make near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If make is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We promise to make an adjustment to your account by tomorrow.We promise to adjust your account by tomorrow. 35. "Conduct" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word conduct near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If conduct is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We’ll need to conduct a review of the data before the decision can be made.We’ll need to review the data before deciding. (Two smothered verbs corrected.) 36. "Come" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word come near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If come is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We came to the conclusion that prices had to increase.We concluded that prices had to increase. 37. ":Are we in agreement that clarity matters?Do we agree that clarity matters?Extend an invitation to Karen and Sunita.Invite Karen and Sunita. 38. Avoid Wimpy VerbsAvoid wimpy verbs that need a helping word to enable the verb to do its job in the sentence. Example:Dolores walked into the room slowly and quietly with her head averted, hoping no one would notice she was late.Dolores slinked into the room, hoping no one would notice she was late. Evan planned and worked on the technical aspect of the project plan.Evan engineered the project plan. 39. Avoid RedundancyAvoid redundant verb modifiers.Example:Damian shouted loudly at Clarrisa after she missed the deadline. Damian shouted at Clarrisa after she missed the deadline. (Shouting, by definition, is loud, so no modifier is needed.) 40. Don't Start Sentences with "There is" or "There are."Weak sentences frequently start with â€Å"There is† or â€Å"There are.† Instead, cut to the chase. Find the real subject and start there.Example: There was a strong disagreement between the divisions about the reorganization structure.The two sides strongly disagreed about the reorganization structure. 41. Active Voice is Better than Passive VoiceActive voice is more dynamic and lively than passive voice, typically. 42. Use Reader:We have decided to upgrade the features of our training course.You will automatically receive updated features in your training course. 43. Avoid JargonJason Fried, the CEO of 37 Signals, stated: â€Å"Jargon is insecurity.† I agree. So often, I hear people within an organization parrot each other with phrases that have been used so much they have become meaningless. Examples: Lots of moving parts Give 110% Synergy Think outside the box Tiger team View more jargon examples to avoid Bonus Tip: You can also use our free Jargon Grader to check your writing for over 700 jargon words and phrases. 44. Be Polite. It Echoes.Everything we write at work has a larger echo. This echo is both a worry and an opportunity to advance your career. For example, you may have to deny a funding request to present research at a conference, but the larger echo requirement is maintaining the drive to innovate and research at your company. Don't win a battle and lose the war. 45. Own Your WorkAvoid â€Å"I think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I suggest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I wonder if we should†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Instead, confidently write â€Å"I recommend...† or omit the â€Å"I† lead statement and simply write â€Å"Merge the divisions.† 46. Use Standard Grammar, Even When ChallengingSubjects and verbs need to agree in number. In an attempt be non-sexist, some business writers recommend writing, â€Å"Each person did their work quietly.† Each is singular. Their is plural. It’s grammatically incorrect. 47. How to Dodge Awkward His or Her DilemmaTo dodge the awkward his or her dilemma, shift the subject to plural when possible:A manager is trained to support his or her employees.Managers are trained to support their employees. 48. The Right Amount of InformationHelps the Reader and WriterA little extra information provided can resolve repeated questions:As noted on page four of the instruction booklet, photocopying on both sides requires two steps. 49. Equal Respect MattersUse consistency naming people. Mr. Jones and Arlene Kelly should be referred to consistently as David Jones and Arlene Kelly or as Mr. Jones and Ms. Kelly. 50. Avoid ExclusionaryWordsUse neutral job titles that do not imply gender - chairperson, not chairman or chairwoman. 51. Confident Tone TipTo instill a confident tone to your writing, shorten your sentences and avoid the common overuse ofâ€Å", and† in sentences. Which statement sounds more confident to you?Training with us is easy, and you can hand us the job and just walk away. You won't worry about a thing, and you can get back to what you do best. Relax knowing your project is moving seamlessly to completion, and you can simply calculate the savings.ORTraining with us is easy. Hand us the job and just walk away. You won't worry about a thing. Get back to what you do best. Relax knowing your project is moving seamlessly to completion. Simply calculate the savings. Do you hear the difference in confident tone? The second statement sounds much less out-of-breath or desperate to please and more confident and competent. It is calmer and assuring. 52. Take A CourseContinue to hone your skills by taking an effectivebusiness writing course. A structured course can help you develop effective business writing techniques [Learn More]. BUSINESS WRITING TIPS FOR EDITING YOURWORK 53. An Exclamation Point is Already SuperlativeNever use more than one exclamation point at the end ofa sentence. When I studied rhetoric in graduate school, my favorite professor shared this funny statement about using too many exclamation points in general.â€Å"Too many exclamation points make a document feel as if it has been written by an unfocused over-caffeinated cheerleader.† 54. Use Clear Words Rather thanEmphasis PunctuationExclamation points are often used in business writing to generate enthusiasm when the real problem is imprecise information. More accurate, clear information will generate reader engagement far better than trying to spice a murky document with exclamation points. 55. Editing First StepThe first step in editing is verifying that content matches reader needs - not too much, and not too little. 56. Editing SecondStepThe second step in editing is making sure the document is as easy to scan as possible. Add headings, bullet lists, appropriate bold text, and lots of white space. 57. Editing ThirdStepThe third step in editing is correcting grammar, sentence structure, and eliminating bloat. 58. Break Paragraphs FrequentlyEverynew thought needs a new paragraph. When in doubt, break the paragraph. 59. Paragraph Length is VariedA one-sentence paragraph is both correct and emphatic. Don't be afraid to write a one-sentence paragraph. 60. Designate an Editor for Group DocumentsWhen a group writes a document, designate one writer as the final editor to ensure a coherent voice. 61. Planning Eases EditingIf you are spending too much time editing, you probably rushed theplanning of yourdocument. 62. Editing Can'tCompensate for Poor PlanningEditing should need a dusting, not an editorial massacre. 63. How to Proofread a Colleague's DocumentIf a colleague asks you to edit their document, you must ask them about both the purpose of the document and about the audience. Without this information, you can only clean grammar. 64. PunctuationMattersA woman without her man is nothing.A woman: without her, man is nothing. GRAMMAR TIPS AND TRICKS FOR BUSINESS WRITING 65. #1 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe most common grammar error we see in client writing during business writing training is fused or run-on sentences. 66. #2 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe second most common grammar error we see in client writing is sentence fragments. 67. #3 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe third most common grammar error we see in client writing is hyphen errors. 68. #4 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe fourth most common grammar error we see in client writing is me, myself, and I errors. 69. #5 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe fifth most common grammar error we see in client writing is introductory clause comma errors. 70. Grammar Errors are IndividualEveryone makes different grammar errors. Therefore, to improve grammar, the first step has to be an accurate diagnosis of an individual’s entrenched grammar errors. 71. Wide-Ranging Grammar Training Won't HelpA review of many grammar rules is ineffective in actually improving business writing sentence structure. More effective is focusing on what is incorrect. 72. Best Grammar ResourceBy far, the best grammar resource on the Internet is Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab. It includes explanation and exercises. 73. Best Grammar AnalysisGrammar Girl is an excellent resource for current grammar use and rationale. 74. Best Business Grammar ResourceInstructional Solutions’ Business Grammar category in their Business Writing Info blog is an excellent resource for business-specific grammar use. 75. Oxford Comma Yes or NoGrammarians will never agree about whether or not to use the Oxford Comma (also called a Serial Comma.) I recommend that business writers use it because of consistency and clarification advantages. 76. Grammar Rules are InflexibleGrammarianswho believe a grammar rule should never be broken are called prescriptivists. 77. Grammar Rules are FlexibleGrammarians who believe language is more flexible, and grammar rules may be broken, are called descriptivists. 78. My Recommendation on the Prescriptivist vs. DescriptivistDivideIn business writing, it’s best to stick with established grammar rules because a client or potential customer could see what they perceive as an error and believe your work is simply sloppy. USE ABUSINESS WRITING TOOL For all the best business writing tools check out our full article here. 79. Best Grammar and Editing ToolGrammarly is our top business writing tool recommendation. Use it as the last check before you send anything. It will also detect plagiarism. Don't forgetplagiarism applies to text as well as images. 80. Cut the Bloat ToolHemingway is a free app that detects bloat in your writing. 81. Best Tool You Already HaveMicrosoft Readability Measurement Tool, already embedded in Word and Outlook, provides helpfulbusiness writing clarity measurements. Grammarly is better. 82. Tone AnalyzerTone Analyzer assesses the tone of your business writing. 83. Jargon DetectorUnsuck It is a rude, but useful, tool that assesses business writing jargon. 84. Free Concept Mapping ToolFreemind is free mind mapping software that is very easy to use. 85. How to Easily Learn Concept MappingThis tutorial will teach you to use Freemind in ten minutes. 86. Hire the Better Writer In his insightfulbook, Rework, Jason Fried stated: All things being equal, hire the better writer. Good writers know what to include and what to omit. They understand people and motivation. They can express complex information in a way it can be shared. Whether the position is sales, engineering, software development, or HR, always hire the better writer. I agree with Jason Fried. However, business writing is a skill that can be honed. Since 1998, my company, Instructional Solutions, and I have helped thousands of individuals and hundreds of companies write better at work. 87. Subscribe to Our Blog We wanted to add one last tip! If you liked this article you can subscribe to our blog here. We often write articles focused on helping you become a better professional writer. That's the list! If you have a tip that I missed please comment below! I would love to hear what tips you have! Bonus: 19 Actionable Writing Tips Infographic: